140 CHAPTER 5. SOME FACTORIZATIONS

8. Find a QR factorization for the matrix 1 2 1

3 −2 1

1 0 2

9. Find a QR factorization for the matrix 1 2 1 0

3 0 1 1

1 0 2 1

10. If you had a QR factorization, A = QR, describe how you could use it to solve the

equation Ax = b.

11. If Q is an orthogonal matrix, show the columns are an orthonormal set. That is showthat for

Q =(

q1 · · · qn

)it follows that qi · qj = δij . Also show that any orthonormal set of vectors is linearlyindependent.

12. Show you can’t expect uniqueness for QR factorizations. Consider 0 0 0

0 0 1

0 0 1

and verify this equals  0 1 0

12

√2 0 1

2

√2

12

√2 0 − 1

2

√2

 0 0

√2

0 0 0

0 0 0

and also  1 0 0

0 1 0

0 0 1

 0 0 0

0 0 1

0 0 1

 .

Using Definition 5.7.4, can it be concluded that if A is an invertible matrix it willfollow there is only one QR factorization?

13. Suppose {a1, · · · ,an} are linearly independent vectors in Rn and let

A =(

a1 · · · an

)Form a QR factorization for A.

(a1 · · · an

)=(

q1 · · · qn

)

r11 r12 · · · r1n

0 r22 · · · r2n...

. . .

0 0 · · · rnn

