1270 CHAPTER 37. BASIC THEORY OF SOBOLEV SPACES

Proof: Let {ψ i}∞

i=1 be a partition of unity subordinate to the given open cover withψ i ∈C∞

c (Ui) and let u ∈ Xm,p (U) . Thus

u =∞

∑k=1

ψku.

Consider Uk for some k. Let ak be the special vector associated with Uk such that

tak +U ∩Uk ⊆U (37.0.7)

for all t ∈ (0,1) and consider only t small enough that

spt(ψk)− tak ⊆Uk (37.0.8)

Pick l (t)> 1/t which is also large enough that

tak +U ∩Uk +B(

0,1

l (t)

)⊆U, spt(ψk)+B

(0,

1l (tk)

)− tak ⊆Uk. (37.0.9)

This can be done because tak+U∩Uk is a compact subset of U and so has positive distanceto UC and spt(ψk)− tak is a compact subset of Uk having positive distance to UC

k . Let tkbe such a value for t and for φ l a mollifier, define

vtk (x)≡∫Rn

ũ(x+ tkak−y)ψk (x+ tkak−y)φ l(tk) (y)dy (37.0.10)

where as usual, ũ is the zero extention of u off U. For vtk (x) ̸= 0, it is necessary that

x+ tkak−y ∈ spt(ψk) for some y ∈ B(

0, 1l(tk)

). Therefore, using 37.0.9, for vtk (x) ̸= 0, it

is necessary that

x ∈ y− tkak +U ∩ spt(ψk)⊆ B(

0,1

l (tk)

)+ spt(ψk)− tkak

⊆ B(

0,1

l (tk)

)+ spt(ψk)− tkak ⊆Uk

showing that vtk has compact support in Uk. Now change variables in 37.0.10 to obtain

vtk (x)≡∫Rn

ũ(y)ψk (y)φ l(tk) (x+ tkak−y)dy. (37.0.11)

For x ∈U ∩Uk, the above equals zero unless

y− tkak−x ∈ B(

0,1

l (tk)

)which implies by 37.0.9 that

y ∈ tkak +U ∩Uk +B(

0,1

l (tk)

)⊆U

1270 CHAPTER 37. BASIC THEORY OF SOBOLEV SPACESProof: Let {y;};_, be a partition of unity subordinate to the given open cover withw; € Ce (Uj) and let u € X"? (U). Thusu= PV Yu.k=1Consider U; for some k. Let a; be the special vector associated with U;, such thatta, t}UNU;, CU (37.0.7)for all t € (0,1) and consider only ¢ small enough thatspt(w,) —taz CU, (37.0.8)Pick / (t) > 1/t which is also large enough thatta, +UNU,.+B (0 ! ) CU, spt(yw,) +B (0 'k k »77n | = U> SP 77/4.)I(t) ‘ I (tx)This can be done because ta, + U NU, is acompact subset of U and so has positive distanceto UC and spt(w;,) — tay is a compact subset of U;, having positive distance to UE . Let &be such a value for ¢ and for @, a mollifier, define) —tag C Ug. (37.0.9)Vy, (x) = [, U(X+ ta —Y) We (X+ MAK —Y) O1,) (Y) dy (37.0.10)where as usual, u is the zero extention of u off U. For v;, (x) 4 0, it is necessary thatx+tay —y € spt(y;) for some y € B (0. hy): Therefore, using 37.0.9, for v;, (x) A 0, itis necessary that1x €y—tay + U MN spt (y;) <B(0.77 ;) + spt (W;,) — traxk1CB C ) + spt (Wy) — tax C Ur(te)showing that v,, has compact support in U;. Now change variables in 37.0.10 to obtainv4 (x) = | HY) Ve (¥) Oryqy (+ tea —y) dy. (37.0.1)For x € UN U,, the above equals zero unlessha EB (0 ! )y- —x 77T/,which implies by 37.0.9 thaty ena UU +B (07) CU