43.7. THE J METHOD 1453

Ta ∈ B0 +B1. Denote by K (t, ·) the norm described above for both A0 +A1 and B0 +B1since this will cause no confusion. Then

||Ta||θ ,q ≡

(∫∞

0

(t−θ K (t,Ta)

)q dtt

)1/q

. (43.6.34)

Now let a0 +a1 = a and so Ta0 +Ta1 = Ta

K (t,Ta) ≤ ||Ta0||0 + t ||Ta1||1 ≤M0 ||a0||0 +M1t ||a1||1

≤ M0

(||a0||0 + t

(M1

M0

)||a1||1

)and so, taking inf for all a0 +a1 = a, yields

K (t,Ta)≤M0K(

t(

M1

M0

),a)

It follows from 43.6.34 that

||Ta||θ ,q ≡

(∫∞

0

(t−θ K (t,Ta)

)q dtt

)1/q

≤(∫

0

(t−θ M0K

(t(

M1

M0

),a))q dt

t

)1/q

= M0

(∫∞

0

(t−θ K

(t(

M1

M0

),a))q dt

t

)1/q

= M0

(∫∞

0

((M0

M1s)−θ

K (s,a)

)qdss

)1/q

= Mθ1 M(1−θ)

0

(∫∞

0

(s−θ K (s,a)

)q dss

)1/q

= Mθ1 M(1−θ)

0 ||a||θ ,q .

This shows T ∈L((A0,A1)θ ,q ,(B0,B1)θ ,q

)and if M is the norm of T,M ≤M1−θ

0 Mθ1 as

claimed. This proves the theorem.

43.7 The J MethodThere is another method known as the J method. Instead of

K (t,a)≡ inf{||a0||A0

+ t ||a1||A1: a0 +a1 = a

}for a ∈ A0 +A1, this method considers a ∈ A0∩A1 and J (t,a) defined below gives a normon A0∩A1.

Definition 43.7.1 For A0 and A1 Banach spaces as described above, and a ∈ A0∩A1,

J (t,a)≡max(||a||A0

, t ||a||A1

). (43.7.35)

43.7. THE J METHOD 1453Ta € By +B. Denote by K (t,-) the norm described above for both Ag + A; and By + Bysince this will cause no confusion. Thenoo 1/qTallog=(f (x (.70))' ©) , (43.6.34)Now let a9 +a; =a and so Tay + Ta; = TaK (t, Ta)IA||Tao||o +t ||Tai||, < Mo |laollo + Mit |lai lh,M< Mo| |lao||o +t Mo lai ||and so, taking inf for all ag + a; =a, yieldsK (t, Ta) < MoK (: () a)It follows from 43.6.34 that\Falog = (fF (*xe.70)"*)/\This shows T € & ((Ao.A1)eq:(Bo-Bi)og) and if M is the norm of T,M < My °M? asclaimed. This proves the theorem.43.7 TheJ MethodThere is another method known as the J method. Instead ofK(t,a) =inf{|la9||4, +#\laill4, :@otai =a}for a € Ap +A}, this method considers a € Ag Aj and J (t,a) defined below gives a normon Ag NA}.Definition 43.7.1 For Ag and A, Banach spaces as described above, and a € AgNA\,J (t,a) =max (Ilalla, st[lalla,)- (43.7.35)