1458 CHAPTER 43. INTERPOLATION IN BANACH SPACE

Now

||a||qθ ,q,J ≤

∫∞

0

(t−θ J (t,u(t))

)q dtt

=∞

∑i=−∞

∫ 2i

2i−1

(t−θ J

(t,

ui

ln2

))q dtt

≤(

1ln2

)q ∞

∑i=−∞

∫ 2i

2i−1

(t−θ J

(2i,ui

))q dtt

≤(

1ln2

)q ∞

∑i=−∞

∫ 2i

2i−1

(t−θ 3(1+ ε)K

(2i,a

))q dtt

Using the above claim,K(2i,a)

2i ≤ K(2i−1,a)2i−1 and so K

(2i,a

)≤ 2K

(2i−1,a

). Therefore, the

above is no larger than

≤ 2(

1ln2

)q ∞

∑i=−∞

∫ 2i

2i−1

(t−θ 3(1+ ε)K

(2i−1,a

))q dtt

≤ 2(

1ln2

)q ∞

∑i=−∞

∫ 2i

2i−1

(t−θ 3(1+ ε)K (t,a)

)q dtt

= 2(

3(1+ ε)

ln2

)q ∫ ∞

0

(t−θ K (t,a)

)q dtt≡ 2

(3(1+ ε)

ln2

)q

||a||qθ ,q . (43.7.45)

This has shown that if a ∈ (A0,A1)θ ,q , then by 43.7.44 and 43.7.45, a ∈ (A0,A1)θ ,q,J and

||a||qθ ,q,J ≤ 2

(3(1+ ε)

ln2

)q

||a||qθ ,q . (43.7.46)

It remains to prove the other inclusion and norm inequality, both of which are mucheasier to obtain. Thus, let a ∈ (A0,A1)θ ,q,J with

a =∫

0u(t)

dtt

(43.7.47)

where u is a strongly measurable function having values in A0∩A1 and for which∫∞

0

(t−θ J (t,u(t))

)qdt < ∞. (43.7.48)

K (t,a) = K(

t,∫

0u(s)

dss

)≤∫

0K (t,u(s))

dss. (43.7.49)

Now by Lemma 43.7.4, this is dominated by an expression of the form

≤∫

0min

(1,

ts

)J (s,u(s))

dss

=∫

0min

(1,

1s

)J (ts,u(ts))

dss

(43.7.50)

1458 CHAPTER 43. INTERPOLATION IN BANACH SPACENowWall oa < [ (e%tuy)'SlA—~—5 | —)ViQMs:SaTORN,a~fan}Nw—nN.=Neae,SsQ>= (ia) EL (seronea)"tK(2‘,a) kK"2Using the above claim, ) and so K (2',a) < 2K (2'~!,a) . Therefore, theabove is no larger than2 (as) E (M3 +e)K(21,a))'S[=—0o(5) EL. (-3(1+e)K(t,a))llAIAq=) Ila||f,, (43.7.45)t- 22422)" Freon aa (2This has shown that if a € (Ao,A1)g ,, then by 43.7.44 and 43.7.45, a € (Ao,A1) 94,7 and3(1+e)\4lalibgs <2 (TS?) Nally (43.746)It remains to prove the other inclusion and norm inequality, both of which are mucheasier to obtain. Thus, let a € (Ap,A1)9 4,7 with°° dta= [ u(t) > (43.7.47)where u is a strongly measurable function having values in Ag A, and for which” (1-85 (t,u(t))) “dt <0e. (43.7.48)I (K(t,a) «(1 [-ui)®) < [Kew S. (43.7.49)Now by Lemma 43.7.4, this is dominated by an expression of the form< [min (1,5) s(s,u()S = [min (1.5) sos.ntesy) (43.7.50)S