1828 CHAPTER 58. ELLIPTIC FUNCTIONS

This function is odd. Here is why.

ζ (−z) =1−z

+ ∑w ̸=0

1−z−w

− zw2 +

1w

while

−ζ (z) =1−z

+ ∑w̸=0

−1z−w

− zw2 −

1w

=1−z

+ ∑w̸=0

−1z+w

− zw2 +

1w.

Now consider 58.1.7. It will be used to find the Laurent expansion about the origin for ζ

which will then be differentiated to obtain the Laurent expansion for ℘ at the origin. Sincew ̸= 0 and the interest is for z near 0 so |z|< |w| ,

1z−w

+z

w2 +1w

=z

w2 +1w− 1

w1

1− zw

=z

w2 +1w− 1

w

∑k=0

( zw

)k

= − 1w

∑k=2

( zw

)k

From 58.1.7

ζ (z) =1z+ ∑

w̸=0

(−

∑k=2

zk

wk+1

)

=1z−

∑k=2

∑w̸=0

zk

wk+1 =1z−

∑k=2

∑w ̸=0

z2k−1

w2k

because the sum over odd powers must be zero because for each w ̸= 0, there exists−w ̸= 0such that the two terms z2k

w2k+1 and z2k

(−w)2k+1 cancel each other. Hence

ζ (z) =1z−

∑k=2

Gkz2k−1

where Gk = ∑w̸=01

w2k . Now with this,

−ζ′ (z) = ℘(z) =

1z2 +

∑k=2

Gk (2k−1)z2k−2

=1z2 +3G2z2 +5G3z4 + · · ·

Therefore,

℘′ (z) =

−2z3 +6G2z+20G3z3 + · · ·