63.7. DOOB MEYER DECOMPOSITION 2165

and so

E(∫

(0,t]ξ (s)dA(s)

)= E

(∫(0,t]

ξ− (s)dA(s))

which shows A is natural by Lemma 63.7.7. This proves the theorem.There is another interesting variation of the above theorem. It involves the following

definition.

Definition 63.7.13 A submartingale, {X (t)} is said to be D if

{XT : T < ∞ is a stopping time}

is equi integrable.

In this case, you can consider partitions of the entire positive real line and the mar-tingales,

{M(tnk

)}∞

k=0 and{

A(tnk

)}∞

k=0 as before. This time you don’t stop at mn. By thesubmartingale convergence theorem, you can argue there exists An

∞ = limk→∞ A(tnk

). Then

repeat the above argument using An∞ in place of An (a) . This time you get {A(t)} equi

integrable. Thus the following corollary is obtained.

Corollary 63.7.14 Let {X (t)} be a right continuous submartingale of class D. Then thereexists a right continuous martingale, {M (t)} and a right continuous increasing submartin-gale, {A(t)} such that for each t,

X (t) = M (t)+A(t) .

If {A(t)} is chosen to be natural and A(0) = 0, then with this condition, {M (t)} and{A(t)} are unique. Furthermore {M (t)} and {A(t)} are equi integrable on [0,∞).

In the above theorem, {X (t)} was a submartingale and so it has a right continuousversion. What if {X (t)} is actually continuous? Can one conclude that A(t) and M (t) arealso continuous? The answer is yes.

Theorem 63.7.15 Let {X (t)} be a right continuous submartingale of class DL. Then thereexists a right continuous martingale, {M (t)} and a right continuous increasing submartin-gale, {A(t)} such that for each t,

X (t) = M (t)+A(t) .

If {A(t)} is chosen to be natural and A(0) = 0, then with this condition, {M (t)} and{A(t)} are unique. Also, if {X (t)} is continuous, (t → X (t,ω) is continuous for a.e. ω)then the same is true of {A(t)} and {M (t)} .

Proof: The first part is done above. Let {X (t)} be continuous. As before, let{

tnk

}mnk=0

be a sequence of partitions of [0,a] such that these are equally spaced points, limn→∞ tnk+1−

tnk = 0, and

{tnk

}mnk=0 ⊆

{tn+1k

}mn+1k=0 where here a > 0 is an arbitrary positive number and let

λ > 0 be an arbitrary positive number. Define

ξn (t)≡ E

(min

(λ ,A

(tn

j))|Ft)

for tnj−1 < t ≤ tn

j

63.7. DOOB MEYER DECOMPOSITION 2165and soe( or )) =e ( Ewa ())which shows A is natural by Lemma 63.7.7. This proves the theorem.There is another interesting variation of the above theorem. It involves the followingdefinition.Definition 63.7.13 A submartingale, {X (t)} is said to be D if{Xr :T < © is a stopping time}is equi integrable.In this case, you can consider partitions of the entire positive real line and the mar-tingales, {M (t?) ho and {A (1) ho as before. This time you don’t stop at m,. By thesubmartingale convergence theorem, you can argue there exists AZ, = limy_,.A (1) . Thenrepeat the above argument using A% in place of A” (a). This time you get {A (t)} equiintegrable. Thus the following corollary is obtained.Corollary 63.7.14 Let {X (t)} be a right continuous submartingale of class D. Then thereexists a right continuous martingale, {M (t)} and a right continuous increasing submartin-gale, {A (t)} such that for each t,X(t)=M(t)+A(t).If {A(t)} is chosen to be natural and A(0) = 0, then with this condition, {M (t)} and{A (t)} are unique. Furthermore {M (t)} and {A (t)} are equi integrable on [0,°).In the above theorem, {X (t)} was a submartingale and so it has a right continuousversion. What if {X (t)} is actually continuous? Can one conclude that A (t) and M (t) arealso continuous? The answer is yes.Theorem 63.7.15 Let {X (t)} be a right continuous submartingale of class DL. Then thereexists a right continuous martingale, {M (t)} and a right continuous increasing submartin-gale, {A(t)} such that for each t,X(t) =M(t)+A(t).If {A(t)} is chosen to be natural and A(0) = 0, then with this condition, {M (t)} and{A (t)} are unique. Also, if {X (t)} is continuous, (t + X (t,@) is continuous for a.e. @)then the same is true of {A (t)} and {M (t)}.myProof: The first part is done above. Let {X (t)} be continuous. As before, let {#7 0be a sequence of partitions of [0,a] such that these are equally spaced points, limy_,..t? aTt! =0, and {7 beeo C {qr 1p. Where here a > 0 is an arbitrary positive number and letA > 0 be an arbitrary positive number. Define&"(t) =E (min (A,A (t7)) |.F) fort?) <t<t7