814 CHAPTER 30. CONTINUOUS STOCHASTIC PROCESSES

tnk−1 tn

ktn+12k−2 tn+1

2ktn+12k−1

Then

maxt∈[0,T ]

∥Xn+1 (t)−Xn (t)∥ ≤ max1≤k≤2n+1

∥∥∥∥∥X(tn+12k−1

)−

X(tnk

)+X

(tnk−1

)2

∥∥∥∥∥≤ max

k≤2n+1

(12

∥∥X(tn+12k−1

)−X

(tn+12k

)∥∥+ 12

∥∥X(tn+12k−1

)−X

(tn+12k−2

)∥∥)≤Mn+1

Denote by ∥·∥∞

the usual norm in C ([0,T ] ,E) ,maxt∈[0,T ] ∥Z (t)∥ ≡ ∥Z∥∞. Then from what

was just established,

E(∥Xn+1−Xn∥α

)=∫

∥Xn+1−Xn∥α

∞dP≤ E

(Mα

n+1)=C2−nβ

which shows that

∥Xn+1−Xn∥Lα (Ω;C([0,T ],E)) =

(∫Ω

∥Xn+1−Xn∥α

∞dP)1/α

≤C(

2(β/α))−n

Since α ≥ 1, we can use the triangle inequality and conclude

∥Xm−Xn∥Lα (Ω;C([0,T ],E)) ≤

∑k=n

C(

2(β/α))−k≤C

(2(β/α)

)−n

1−2(−β/α)=C

(2(β/α)

)−n(30.14)

Thus {Xn} is a Cauchy sequence in Lα (Ω;C ([0,T ] ,E)) and so it converges to some Y inthis space, a subsequence converging pointwise. Then from Fatou’s lemma,

∥Y −Xn∥Lα (Ω;C([0,T ],E)) ≤C(

2(β/α))−n

. (30.15)

Also, for a.e. ω, t→ Y (t) is in C ([0,T ] ,E) . It remains to verify that Y (t) = X (t) a.e.From the construction, it follows that for any n and m ≥ n, Y

(tnk

)= Xm

(tnk

)= X

(tnk

).

Thus

∥Y (t)−X (t)∥ ≤ ∥Y (t)−Y (tnk )∥+∥Y (tn

k )−X (t)∥= ∥Y (t)−Y (tn

k )∥+∥X (tnk )−X (t)∥

Now from the hypotheses of the theorem,

P(∥X (tn

k )−X (t)∥α > ε)≤ 1

εE(∥X (tn

k )−X (t)∥α)≤ C

ε|tn

k − t|1+β

CHAPTER 30. CONTINUOUS STOCHASTIC PROCESSES814t?k-In+1 n+1 n+1typ_9 Ep] yemit) (te) +X (1)ThenX (Be) - 5max ||X, t) —X,, (t)|| << max1€(0,7] | n+1 (t) n( )I ~ cpegrtl1se) +5 | BE) —x (S)I|) <n1 +1S eon (; |X (6e21) —X (teDenote by ||-||., the usual norm in C ([0, 7] ,£) ,max;<j9,7) ||Z (¢)|| = ||Z||..- Then from whatwas just established,E ([Xnv1 —Xn||2) = I |Xn+1 —X,||S dP <E (My.1) = c2-"8which shows that1/a n\[Xn+1 — Xn|lza(@:c((0,7),£)) = (/, [Xn Xl?) < c (216/)Since @& > 1, we can use the triangle inequality and conclude\[Xm — Xnll7«(a:c((0,7),£)) SThus {X,,} is a Cauchy sequence in L® (Q;C((0,7],£)) and so it converges to some Y in(30.14)this space, a subsequence converging pointwise. Then from Fatou’s lemma,—nIY —Xnllzea:cro.r},e)) C (2'6/@) (30.15)Also, for a.e. @,t > Y (t) is in C([0,T], £). It remains to verify that Y (t) = X (f) ae.From the construction, it follows that for any n and m > n, Y CH) = Xn (1?) =X (t”).< IY O-Y@V+ Ir Ge) —x OlThusIV ()-X(H|| <= WKO-Y OI +X @)-x OlNow from the hypotheses of the theorem,1 C |P (|X (@) —X (OI > €) < SF (IX (G) —X OM") S Sle 4 *P