1038 CHAPTER 29. THE AREA FORMULA

= lim infj→∞

∑i=1

β (s)(

r(

B ji

))sH m

(f(

B ji

)).

Recall the equality of H m and Lebesgue measure on Rm, (Recall this was how β (m) waschosen. Theorem 28.2.4) Then the above is

≤ lim infj→∞

∑i=1

β (s)(

r(

B ji

))smm

(f(

B ji

))

≤ lim infj→∞

∑i=1

β (s)α (m)Lip(f)m r(

B ji

)m(r(

B ji

))s

= Lip(f)mβ (s)α (m) lim inf

j→∞

∑i=1

r(

B ji

)m(r(

B ji

))s

= Lip(f)m β (s)α (m)

β (m+ s)lim inf

j→∞

∑i=1

β (m+ s)r(

B ji

)m+s

≤ Lip(f)m β (s)α (m)

β (m+ s)H s+m (A)

from 29.9.46. However, it was shown earlier that α (m) = β (m).This last identification that α (m) = β (m) depended on the technical material involving

isodiametric inequality. It isn’t all that important to know the exact value of this constantβ (s)α(m)β (m+s) so one could simply write C (s,m) in its place and suffer no lack of utility.

Can one change∫ ∗ to

∫? The next lemma will enable the change in notation.

Lemma 29.9.5 Let A⊆ Rn be Lebesgue measurable and

f : Rn→ Rm

be Lipschitz, m < n. Theny→H n−m (A∩ f−1 (y)

)is Lebesgue measurable. If A is compact, this function is Borel measurable.

Proof: Suppose first that A is compact. Then A∩ f−1 (y) is also and so it is H n−m

measurable. Suppose H n−m(A∩ f−1 (y)

)< t. Then for all δ > 0,

H n−mδ

(A∩ f−1 (y)

)< t

and so there exist sets Si, satisfying

r (Si)< δ , A∩ f−1 (y)⊆ ∪∞i=1Si,

∑i=1

β (n−m)(r (Si))n−m < t

Replacing Si with the open set Ŝi ≡ Si +B(0,η i) where the Ŝi satisfy the above inequality,it can be assumed each Si is open.

Claim: If z is close enough to y, then A∩ f−1 (z)⊆ ∪∞i=1Si.

1038 CHAPTER 29. THE AREA FORMULA= tint 09 ((!)) (0)Recall the equality of #7” and Lebesgue measure on R’”, (Recall this was how B (m) waschosen. Theorem 28.2.4) Then the above is<i nt $069 ((a))'mm( (8)<i ne $8 yeimtnis(2)" (2)joe= Lip (£)” B (s) ot(m) lim inf Yr(ai)" (> Bi))jrm B(s) a&(m) hmsBama) im intB (m+s)r(B/)< Lip (f)” B (s) a (m) fest (A)B(m+s)from 29.9.46. However, it was shown earlier that @(m) = B(m).This last identification that a (m) = B (m) depended on the technical material involvingisodiametric inequality. It isn’t all that important to know the exact value of this constantB aa a so one could simply write C (s,m) in its place and suffer no lack of utility.= Lip (f)Can one change {* to {? The next lemma will enable the change in notation.Lemma 29.9.5 Let A C R” be Lebesgue measurable andf:R" > R"be Lipschitz, m <n. Thenyous" (A nt! (y))is Lebesgue measurable. If A is compact, this function is Borel measurable.Proof: Suppose first that A is compact. Then AMf_! (y) is also and so it is #"-”measurable. Suppose #7"~-™ (ANF! (y)) <t. Then for all 5 > 0,Hy" (ANE! (y)) <tand so there exist sets S;, satisfyingr(S:) < 6, ANE! (y) CUZS:, re n—m)(r(S;))" " <tReplacing S; with the open set $; = S;+B (0,n;) where the 5; satisfy the above inequality,it can be assumed each S; is open.Claim: If z is close enough to y, then ANf ! (z) C US, Si.