65.5. THE GENERAL INTEGRAL 2245

Why is it a martingale? Let s < t and A ∈Fs. Then∫A

(∫ t

aΦdW

)dP = lim

n→∞

∫A

(∫ t

aΦndW

)dP = lim

n→∞

∫A

E((∫ t

aΦndW

)|Fs

)dP

= limn→∞

∫A

(∫ s

aΦndW

)dP =

∫A

(∫ s

aΦdW

)dP

Hence this is a martingale as claimed.It remains to verify that the stochastic process does not depend on J and U1. Let the

approximating sequence of elementary functions be

Φn (t) =mn

∑j=0

f nj X(tn

j ,tnj+1]

(t)

where f nj is Ftn

jmeasurable and has finitely many values in L (U1,H)0 , the restrictions

of things in L (U1,H) to JQ1/2U . These are the elementary functions which converge toΦ◦ J−1. Also let the partitions be such that

Φn ◦ J−1 ≡

mn

∑j=0

Φ(tn

j)◦ J−1X(tn

j ,tnj+1]

(65.5.10)

converges to Φ◦ J−1 in L2([a,T ]×Ω;L2

(JQ1/2 (U) ,H

)). Then by definition,∫ t

aΦndW =

mn

∑j=0

f nj(W(t ∧ tn

j+1)−W

(t ∧ tn

j))

=mn

∑j=0

f nj

∑k=1

(ψk(t ∧ tn

j+1)−ψk

(t ∧ tn

j))

Jgk

where {gk} is an orthonormal basis for Q1/2U. The infinite sum converges in L2 (Ω;U1)and f n

j is continuous on U1. Therefore, f nj can go inside the infinite sum, and this last

expression equals

=mn

∑j=0

∑k=1

(ψk (t ∧ tk+1)−ψk (t ∧ tk)) f nj Jgk, (65.5.11)

the infinite sum converging in L2 (Ω,H).Now consider the left sum 65.5.10. Since Φ

(tn

j

)∈L2

(Q1/2U,H

), it follows that the

sum∞

∑k=1

(ψk(t ∧ tn

j+1)−ψk

(t ∧ tn

j))

Φ(tn

j)

gk

=∞

∑k=1

(ψk(t ∧ tn

j+1)−ψk

(t ∧ tn

j))

Φ(tn

j)◦ J−1 (Jgk) (65.5.12)

must converge in L2 (Ω,H) . Lets review why this is.

65.5. THE GENERAL INTEGRAL 2245Why is it a martingale? Let s<tandA € ¥,. Thent t t| (/ oaw) dP = lim (/ 2,dW) dP= lim | E ((/ ond ) %) dPA a noo JA a no JA aS AY= lim ( | 2,dW) dP = | ( | ow) dPnoo JA a A aHence this is a martingale as claimed.It remains to verify that the stochastic process does not depend on J and U;. Let theapproximating sequence of elementary functions beMy> HA (, rh} (where f7 is Fyn measurable and has finitely many values in (U,H),, the restrictionsof things in # (U,,H) to J Q'/?U. These are the elementary functions which converge to®oJ~!. Also let the partitions be such thatMnSB oJ 1=\)V G(r )os” Zien anm1] (65.5.10)j=0converges to oJ! in L? ([a,T] x Q:.% (vol? (U),H)). Then by definition,i dW = YP (W (Ar }1) —W (Ar)a j=0teTY ( Wu (tt) — Wy (tAt7)) Seewhere {g;,} is an orthonormal basis for Q!/?U. The infinite sum converges in L? (Q;U;)and fj is continuous on U,. Therefore, f; can go inside the infinite sum, and this lastexpression equalsMnthe infinite sum comersing in L? (Q,H).Now consider the left sum 65.5.10. Since ® (« ") EDL, (Q'/ °U,H ), it follows that thesumie(Wr (tA thai) — We Ate) SF I8k; (65.5.11)Ms(Wi (tt; 1) — Wy (407) ® (17) 8llIMs(Wy (tA tL) — Wy (tt?) ® (07) oJ! (Sax) (65.5.12)>llmust converge in L? (Q,H). Lets review why this is.