2400 CHAPTER 70. MEASURABILITY WITHOUT UNIQUENESS

+∫ t

s|f(r,ω)|dr ≤C (ω, f) |t− s|1/2 .

Therefore, by the Ascoli−Arzelà theorem, for each ω, there exists a subsequence ñ(ω)depending on ω and a function ũ(t,ω) such that

uñ(ω) (t,ω)→ ũ(t,ω) uniformly in C([0,T ] ;Rd

).

This verifies the assumptions of Theorem 70.2.8.It follows that there exists ū product measurable and a subsequence

{un(ω)

}for each

ω such thatlim

n(ω)→∞

un(ω) (·,ω) = ū(·,ω) weakly in L2([0,T ] ;Rd

)and that t → ū(t,ω) is continuous. (Note that weak continuity is the same as continuityin Rd .) The same argument given above applied to the un(ω) for a fixed ω yields a furthersubsequence, denoted as

{un̄(ω) (·,ω)

}which converges uniformly to a function u(·,ω) on

[0,T ]. So ū(t,ω) = u(t,ω) in L2([0,T ] ;Rd

). Since both of these functions are continuous

in t, they must be equal for all t. Hence, (t,ω)→ u(t,ω) is product measurable. Pass-ing to the limit in the equation solved by

{un̄(ω) (·,ω)

}using the dominated convergence

theorem, we obtain

u(t,ω)−u0 (ω)+∫ t

0N(s,u(s,ω),u(s−h,ω) ,w(s,ω) ,ω)ds =

∫ t

0f(s,ω)ds.

Thus t→ u(t,ω) is a product measurable solution to the integral equation.This lemma gives the existence of the approximate solutions in the following theorem

in which the assumption that the integrand is bounded is replaced with an estimate. Thefollowing elementary consideration will be used whenever convenient. Note that it holdsfor all ω .

Remark 70.3.2 When w(t)≡ w0 (ω)+∫ t

0 u(s,ω)ds,

v(t) ={

u(t−h) if t ≥ hu0 if t < h

and when the estimate

(N(t,u,v,w,ω) ,u)≥−C (t,ω)−µ

(|u|2 + |v|2 + |w|2

)holds, it follows that∫ t

0(N(t,u,v,w,ω) ,u)ds≥−C

(C (ω)+

∫ t

0|u|2 ds

)for some constant C depending on the initial data but not on u.

To see this, ∫ t

0|u(s−h)|2 ds =

∫ h

0|u0|2 ds+

∫ t

h|u(s−h)|2 ds

2400 CHAPTER 70. MEASURABILITY WITHOUT UNIQUENESSt+f If (r,@)| dr <C (o,f) |t—s|!/2.Therefore, by the Ascoli—Arzela theorem, for each @, there exists a subsequence fi(@)depending on @ and a function &(t, @) such thatUj(o) (t,@) + O(¢,@) uniformly in C ((0. T] :R") .This verifies the assumptions of Theorem 70.2.8.It follows that there exists U product measurable and a subsequence {Un(c) } for each@ such thatlim Uy(@) (+, @) =U(-,@) weakly in L? (0.71 :R‘)n(@)—e0and that tf > 0(¢,@) is continuous. (Note that weak continuity is the same as continuityin R¢.) The same argument given above applied to the U,,(@) for a fixed @ yields a furthersubsequence, denoted as {Ua(o) (., a) } which converges uniformly to a function u(-,@) on[0,7]. So W(t, @) =u(t,@) in L? ([0,7];IR“). Since both of these functions are continuousin t, they must be equal for all t. Hence, (t,@) — u(t,@) is product measurable. Pass-ing to the limit in the equation solved by {Uz(o) (-, wo) } using the dominated convergencetheorem, we obtainw (1,00) —uo(0)+ ['N(s,u(s,0),u(s—h,0),w(s,0),0)ds= f(s,Thus ¢ > u(t, @) is a product measurable solution to the integral equation. JThis lemma gives the existence of the approximate solutions in the following theoremin which the assumption that the integrand is bounded is replaced with an estimate. Thefollowing elementary consideration will be used whenever convenient. Note that it holdsfor all w.Remark 70.3.2. When w(t) = wo (@)+ Jyu(s,@)ds,vo={ u(t—h) ift>hUg ift <hand when the estimate(N(t,u,v,w,@) ,u) > —C(+, 0) —p (ul? + |v? +|w/?)holds, it follows thatt t 2[ (N(t,u,v,w,@) ,u)ds > —C (cio) + [ ul as)0 JOfor some constant C depending on the initial data but not on u.To see this," 2 ho " 2/ ju(s—h)| ds= | |uo| s+ | lu(s—h)|° ds0 0 h