314 CHAPTER 12. THE CONSTRUCTION OF MEASURES

Proof: By Lemma 12.9.9, there exists R ∈R1 such that

ρ (R) = (µ×ν)(E) , R⊇ E.

Therefore, since R is µ×ν measurable and ρ (R) = (µ×ν)(R), it follows

(µ×ν)(R\E) = 0.

By Lemma 12.9.9 again, there exists P⊇ R\E with P ∈R1 and

ρ (P) = (µ×ν)(R\E) = 0.

Thus ∫ ∫XP (x,y)dµdν = 0. (12.9.43)

Since P ∈R1 Lemma 12.9.9 implies x→XP (x,y) is µ measurable and it follows from theabove there exists a set of ν measure zero, N such that if y /∈ N, then

∫XP (x,y)dµ = 0.

Therefore, by completeness of ν ,

x→XNC (y)XR\E (x,y)

is µ measurable and ∫XNC (y)XR\E (x,y)dµ = 0. (12.9.44)

Now also

XNC (y)XR (x,y) = XNC (y)XR\E (x,y)+XNC (y)XE (x,y) (12.9.45)

and this shows thatx→XNC (y)XE (x,y)

is µ measurable because it is the difference of two functions with this property. Then by12.9.44 it follows ∫

XNC (y)XE (x,y)dµ =∫

XNC (y)XR (x,y)dµ.

The right side of this equation equals a ν measurable function and so the left side whichequals it is also a ν measurable function. It follows from completeness of ν that y→∫

XE (x,y)dµ is ν measurable because for y outside of a set of ν measure zero, N it equals∫XR (x,y)dµ . Therefore,∫ ∫

XE (x,y)dµdν =∫ ∫

XNC (y)XE (x,y)dµdν

=∫ ∫

XNC (y)XR (x,y)dµdν

=∫ ∫

XR (x,y)dµdν

= ρ (R) = (µ×ν)(E) .

314 CHAPTER 12. THE CONSTRUCTION OF MEASURESProof: By Lemma 12.9.9, there exists R € #; such thatp(R) = (UX) (E), RIE.Therefore, since R is L X V measurable and p (R) = (Hl X V) (R), it follows(HXV)(R\E) =0.By Lemma 12.9.9 again, there exists P > R\ FE with P € &, andp (P) = (EX) (R\ E) =0.Thus ;| [ % (x,y)dudv =0. (12.9.43)Since P € Z, Lemma 12.9.9 implies x > 2p (x,y) is measurable and it follows from theabove there exists a set of Vv measure zero, N such that if y ¢ N, then { 2p(x,y)du = 0.Therefore, by completeness of v,x— Ane (y) AR\E (x,y)is W measurable and/ yc (y) Reve (x,y) du =0. (12.9.44)Now alsoKye (y) Br (x,y) = Bye (y) Re\e (xy) + Bye (y) LE (x,y) (12.9.45)and this shows thatx—> Bye (y) RE (x,y)is 2 measurable because it is the difference of two functions with this property. Then by12.9.44 it follows[ 2c) Foley) du= [ Zyeo) Fees) dy.The right side of this equation equals a v measurable function and so the left side whichequals it is also a v measurable function. It follows from completeness of v that y >J Xz (x,y) du is v measurable because for y outside of a set of v measure zero, N it equals[ Zr (x,y) du. Therefore,[ [%codnay =f [ 20) Helss)dnav~ | [ 2x (y) Zr (x,y) dudv= | | %e(xy)duav= p(R)= (UV) (E).