1478 CHAPTER 44. TRACE SPACES

and so ∣∣∣∣∣∣ũ(k) (t)∣∣∣∣∣∣A0≤Ck

∫ t/α

t/β

||u(τ)||A0

τ

≤C(∫ t/α

t/β

τ

)1/p′(∫ t/α

t/β

||u(τ)||pA0

τ

)1/p

.

Now(

β

t

τθ ≥ 1 for τ ≥ t/β and so the above expression

≤C(

lnβ

α

)1/p′(β

t

)θ (∫ ∞

t/β

θ ||u(τ)||A0

)p dτ

τ

)1/p

and so limt→∞

∣∣∣∣∣∣ũ(k) (t)∣∣∣∣∣∣A0

= 0 and therefore, this also holds in A0 +A1. This proves the

claim.Thus ũ has the same properties as u in terms of having a as its trace. ũ is used to build

the desired w, representing a as an integral. Define

v(t)≡ (−1)m tm

(m−1)!ũ(m) (t) =

(−1)m

(m−1)!

∫∞

0

tm

τm φ(m)( t

τ

)u(τ)

τ

=(−1)m

(m−1)!

∫∞

0sm

φ(m) (s)u

( ts

) dss. (44.2.23)

Then from the claim, and integration by parts in the last step,∫∞

0v(

1t

)dtt=∫

0v(t)

dtt=

(−1)m

(m−1)!

∫∞

0tm−1ũ(m) (t)dt = a. (44.2.24)

Thus v( 1

t

)represents a in the way desired for (A0,A1)θ ,p,J if it is also true that v

( 1t

)∈

A0 ∩A1 and t → t−θ v( 1

t

)is in Lp

(0,∞, dt

t ;A0)

and t → t1−θ v( 1

t

)is in Lp

(0,∞, dt

t ;A1).

First consider whether v(t)∈ A0∩A1. v(t)∈ A0 for each t from 44.2.23 and the assumptionthat u ∈ Lp

(0,∞, dt

t ;A0). To verify v(t) ∈ A1, integrate by parts in 44.2.23 to obtain

v(t) =(−1)m

(m−1)!

∫∞

0φ(m) (s)

(sm−1u

( ts

))ds (44.2.25)

=1

(m−1)!

∫∞

0φ (s)

dm

dsm

(sm−1u

( ts

))ds

=(−1)m

(m−1)!

∫∞

0φ (s)

tm

sm+1 u(m)( t

s

)ds ∈ A1

The last step may look very mysterious. If so, consider the case where m = 2.

φ (s)(

su( t

s

))′′= φ (s)

(− t

su′( t

s

)+u( t

s

))′= φ (s)

((− t

s

)u′′( t

s

)(− t

s2

)+

ts2 u′

( ts

)− t

s2 u′( t

s

))= φ (s)

t2

s3 u′′( t

s

).

1478 CHAPTER 44. TRACE SPACESand sot/ 0 dtAk) atWO SC f, llellayt/ dt 1/p' t/ dt 1/p<c(/ — / Tt =) .c(i) (ftw S6Now (2) 7° > 1 for t >t/B and so the above expressionco(u8)" () (Gem)and so lim,—3.0 | la (t) |A = 0 and therefore, this also holds in Ag + A;. This proves the0claim.Thus wu has the same properties as u in terms of having a as its trace. u is used to buildthe desired w, representing a as an integral. Define(Ht my (HD ny (t dtr= Gyr = mii lh me (s)eOt(—1)” [ m »(m) ({)°= -)—. 44.2.23(mil ° ? (s)u(—)— ( )Then from the claim, and integration by parts in the last step,° 1 dt _ ° dt (-1)" © mlm) _[ (4) ; = | OF = inal rm 1a” (1) dt =a. (4.2.24)Thus v(+) represents a in the way desired for (Ao,A1)g_,, if it is also true that v(+) €Ag MA, and t > rv (4) is in LP (0,0, Ao) and t + t!~®y (4) is in L? (0,c, #°Aj) .First consider whether v(t) € Ag At. v(t) € Ao for each ¢ from 44.2.23 and the assumptionthat w € L? (0,9, Ao) . To verify v(t) € Aj, integrate by parts in 44.2.23 to obtainv(t) = ae [ * p(s) (stu (<)) ds (44.2.25)= tf 00S (ertu(E)) as7 to [6 (s) _ ul”) (“JaseThe last step may look very mysterious. If so, consider the case where m = 2.= ovale) 5) Se) 40)